Pump Winterization: Prevent Freeze Damage This Winter
Before cold weather arrives, outdoor water system pumps require special care and maintenance. Known as winterization, this routine service helps protect pumps and water systems from damage caused by freezing temperatures. Any surface, shallow well or above-ground pump that contains water and is installed above the frost line should be winterized before winter weather sets in.
Why is Pump Winterization Important?
Most homeowners understand that frozen water pipes can crack or burst. The same principle applies to pumps and water systems. When water freezes, it expands, creating significant pressure inside pump housings, piping, valves and fittings. Even small amounts of trapped water can crack castings, damage internal components and lead to costly repairs.
Freeze-thaw cycles can be equally damaging. Water that repeatedly freezes and thaws inside equipment can gradually weaken materials and expand existing cracks. Proper winterization helps prevent these issues, protects your investment and can help extend the life of your pump and water system.
Do All Pumps Need Winterization?
Not every water system requires winterization. Deep well systems installed well below the frost line are typically protected from freezing temperatures. However, above-ground and shallow water systems are much more vulnerable and often require seasonal maintenance before winter.
Above-ground and shallow water systems include:
- Shallow well jet pumps
- Lawn irrigation and sprinkler pumps
- Pool pumps
- Pond and fountain pumps
- RV water pumps
- Other above-ground water transfer systems
Winterization is important in many regions of the country, including areas that experience only occasional freezes. While northern climates routinely experience extended periods of freezing weather, southern regions can also see temperatures drop below freezing long enough to damage unprotected equipment. Even a small amount of frozen water can generate enough force to crack a pump housing or damage plumbing components.
When Should Pump Winterization Start?
The best time to winterize a pump is before freezing temperatures become consistent. Waiting until after the first hard freeze can increase the risk of damage, especially if water remains trapped within the system. In many parts of the country, winterization should be completed in the fall before overnight temperatures regularly drop below freezing.
USDA Zones-9-11: Homeowners in these regions typically do not need to winterize pumps because temperatures rarely remain cold enough for the water to freeze and cause damage.
USDA Zones 7-8: Homeowners in these areas should monitor winter weather conditions closely. Even short periods of freezing temperatures can damage pumps.
USDA Zones 5-6: In these regions, pumps should generally be fully winterized in October or November and remain out of service until spring, once the risk of sustained freezing temperatures has passed.
USDA Zones 3-4: For areas that experience long, harsh winters, winterization is often recommended by late September or early October, before the first prolonged freeze. Acting early helps protect fountain components from freeze-related damage throughout the season.
How to Winterize a Pump
While some pumps can be winterized by homeowners, such as those used in pools, ponds and fountains, others are best serviced by a licensed contractor who can evaluate the entire system and determine the most effective approach for your property.
Depending on the application, pump winterization may include:
- Draining all water from the pump, piping and associated components
- Disconnecting and storing removable pumps indoors
- Cleaning debris, sediment and buildup from equipment
- Protecting exposed plumbing and accessories
- Inspecting the system for wear or damage before storage
- Lowering equipment below the frost line when appropriate
Proper winterization involves more than simply draining the pump. Many pumps contain internal passages and cavities where water can become trapped. Contractors understand where water can collect and how to fully protect the system before freezing weather arrives.
Use the Right Antifreeze for Pumps
To help ensure complete protection, contractors may use a non-toxic antifreeze, called propylene glycol, specifically designed for potable water or pump system applications. This extra step can help protect areas where small amounts of water may remain after draining.
It is important to never use automotive antifreeze when winterizing water systems. Automotive antifreeze is highly toxic and can contaminate water supplies. Likewise, RV and other non-approved antifreeze products may contain additives that are not suitable for potable water systems. Always follow manufacturer recommendations and local regulations when winterizing equipment.
Using any type of antifreeze in applications where animals may drink it, such as in fountains, is not recommended.
Find a Professional for Pump Winterization Before Freezing Temperatures
Winter weather can be unpredictable, but pump damage caused by freezing temperatures is often preventable. Working with a licensed water well professional can help ensure your system is properly winterized, protected during the cold months and ready to perform when spring arrives.
For well pump winterization, find a qualified contractor in your area. For additional guidance, be sure to watch our pump winterization video and learn more about protecting your water system before cold weather arrives.
For detailed guides on winterizing pools, fountains and koi ponds, visit our Little Giant blog:
- How to Winterize an Outdoor Fountain
- How to Winterize a Koi Pond: A Complete Guide for Cold Weather
- Closing Down a Pool: How to Winterize a Pool to Protect It Until Spring